Maths

= **Math Tricks** = = =

1. The 11 Times Trick We all know the trick when multiplying by ten - add 0 to the end of the number, but did you know there is an equally easy trick for multiplying a two digit number by 11? This is it: Take the original number and imagine a space between the two digits (in this example we will use 52: 5_2 Now add the two numbers together and put them in the middle: 5_(5+2)_2 That is it - you have the answer: 572. If the numbers in the middle add up to a 2 digit number, just insert the second number and add 1 to the first: 9_(9+9)_9 (9+1)_8_9 10_8_9 1089 - It works every time. 2. Quick Square If you need to square a 2 digit number ending in 5, you can do so very easily with this trick. Mulitply the first digit by itself + 1, and put 25 on the end. That is all! 252 = (2x(2+1)) & 25 2 x 3 = 6 625 3. Multiply by 5 Most people memorize the 5 times tables very easily, but when you get in to larger numbers it gets more complex - or does it? This trick is super easy. Take any number, then divide it by 2 (in other words, halve the number). If the result is whole, add a 0 at the end. If it is not, ignore the remainder and add a 5 at the end. It works everytime: 2682 x 5 = (2682 / 2) & 5 or 0 2682 / 2 = 1341 (whole number so add 0) 13410 Let’s try another: 5887 x 5 2943.5 (fractional number (ignore remainder, add 5) 29435 4. Multiply by 9 This one is simple - to multiple any number between 1 and 9 by 9 hold both hands in front of your face - drop the finger that corresponds to the number you are multiplying (for example 9×3 - drop your third finger) - count the fingers before the dropped finger (in the case of 9×3 it is 2) then count the numbers after (in this case 7) - the answer is 27. 5. Multiply by 4 This is a very simple trick which may appear obvious to some, but to others it is not. The trick is to simply multiply by two, then multiply by two again: 58 x 4 = (58 x 2) + (58 x 2) = (116) + (116) = 232 Just paying the bills…

6. Calculate a Tip If you need to leave a 15% tip, here is the easy way to do it. Work out 10% (divide the number by 10) - then add that number to half its value and you have your answer: 15% of $25 = (10% of 25) + ((10% of 25) / 2) $2.50 + $1.25 = $3.75 7. Tough Multiplication If you have a large number to multiply and one of the numbers is even, you can easily subdivide to get to the answer: 32 x 125, is the same as: 16 x 250 is the same as: 8 x 500 is the same as: 4 x 1000 = 4,000 8. Dividing by 5 Dividing a large number by five is actually very simple. All you do is multiply by 2 and move the decimal point: 195 / 5 Step1: 195 * 2 = 390 Step2: Move the decimal: 39.0 or just 39 2978 / 5 step 1: 2978 * 2 = 5956 Step2: 595.6 9. Subtracting from 1,000 To subtract a large number from 1,000 you can use this basic rule: subtract all but the last number from 9, then subtract the last number from 10: 1000 -648 step1: subtract 6 from 9 = 3 step2: subtract 4 from 9 = 5 step3: subtract 8 from 10 = 2 answer: 352 10. Assorted Multiplication Rules Multiply by 5: Multiply by 10 and divide by 2. Multiply by 6: Sometimes multiplying by 3 and then 2 is easy. Multiply by 9: Multiply by 10 and subtract the original number. Multiply by 12: Multiply by 10 and add twice the original number. Multiply by 13: Multiply by 3 and add 10 times original number. Multiply by 14: Multiply by 7 and then multiply by 2 Multiply by 15: Multiply by 10 and add 5 times the original number, as above. Multiply by 16: You can double four times, if you want to. Or you can multiply by 8 and then by 2. Multiply by 17: Multiply by 7 and add 10 times original number. Multiply by 18: Multiply by 20 and subtract twice the original number (which is obvious from the first step). Multiply by 19: Multiply by 20 and subtract the original number. Multiply by 24: Multiply by 8 and then multiply by 3. Multiply by 27: Multiply by 30 and subtract 3 times the original number (which is obvious from the first step). Multiply by 45: Multiply by 50 and subtract 5 times the original number (which is obvious from the first step). Multiply by 90: Multiply by 9 (as above) and put a zero on the right. Multiply by 98: Multiply by 100 and subtract twice the original number. Multiply by 99: Multiply by 100 and subtract the original number. Bonus: Percentages Yanni in comment 23 gave an excellent tip for working out percentages, so I have taken the liberty of duplicating it here: Find 7 % of 300. Sound Difficult? Percents: First of all you need to understand the word “Percent.” The first part is PER, as in 10 tricks per listverse page. PER = FOR EACH. The second part of the word is CENT, as in 100. Like Century = 100 years. 100 CENTS in 1 dollar… etc. Ok… so PERCENT = For Each 100. So, it follows that 7 PERCENT of 100, is 7. (7 for each hundred, of only 1 hundred). 8 % of 100 = 8. 35.73% of 100 = 35.73 But how is that useful?? Back to the 7% of 300 question. 7% of the first hundred is 7. 7% of 2nd hundred is also 7, and yep, 7% of the 3rd hundred is also 7. So 7+7+7 = 21. If 8 % of 100 is 8, it follows that 8% of 50 is half of 8, or 4. Break down every number that’s asked into questions of 100, if the number is less then 100, then move the decimal point accordingly. EXAMPLES: 8%200 = ? 8 + 8 = 16. 8%250 = ? 8 + 8 + 4 = 20. 8%25 = 2.0 (Moving the decimal back). 15%300 = 15+15+15 =45. 15%350 = 15+15+15+7.5 = 52.5 Also it’s usefull to know that you can always flip percents, like 3% of 100 is the same as 100% of 3. 35% of 8 is the same as 8% of 35.

let the number to be squared be called as the BASE. let the difference of the BASE from 100 be called as the MAGIC NUMBER. to square: SUBTRACT the MAGIC NUMBER from the base, then APPEND the square of the base. examples: BASE MAGIC NUMBER = 100 - 97 = 3 97 - 3 = 94 (makes up the first two digits) 3 x 3 = 09 (makes up the last two digits) thus, 97 x 97 = 9409. 89 x 89 –> MAGIC NUMBER = 100 - 89 = 11 89 - 11 = 78 11 x 11 = 121 121 is 3-digit, so we add it like this: 78 (the first two digits) 121 (we retain the last two, and add the first) —— 7921 –> 89 x 89 examples: BASE > 100 —————————————————— 106 x 106 –> MAGIC NUMBER = 100 - 106 = -6 106 - (-6) is like 106 + 6 = 112 6 x 6 = 36 thus, 106 x 106 = 11236. This works everytime, and is useful as long as you know the square of the base. For larger numbers, this trick is also applicable using 1000 as the one we subtract from, however, we are using 3 digits now, so we expect 3 digits from both process: ex. 989 x 989 1000 - 989 = 11 (magic number) 989 - 11 = 978 11 x 11 = 121 ———- 989 x 989 = 978121 ex. 1012 x 1012 1000 - 1012 = -12 1012 - (-12) = 1024 12 x 12 = 144 ———– 1012 x 1012 = 1024144. looking at these makes us feel that we can also do these for numbers near 10,000, using 4-digits from each process: 9994 x 9994 –> 9994 - 6 = 9988 6 x 6 = 0036 ———————- 99880036.
 * Squaring 2 or 3 digit numbers Trick:**

12348/9=1372 how to do this 1. copy the first number i.e.1 2. Add it with the second number= 1+2=3 3. add the value 3 with the third number i.e=3+3=6 4. add the fourth no. in the same way= i.e 6+4=10. 5 now the no 6 will be 7 (6 +1) as 1 is the carry over. 6. add 10 with the last number i.e 10+8=18 7.Divide this by 9 and write the quotient over there In case of 8 if it is 7 then the answer of 12347/9 =1371 +8(remainder) 12346/9=1371 +7(remainder)
 * Divide any number by 9 in 6 seconds**


 * MULTIPLY UP TO 20*20 IN YOUR HEAD.**

1. TAKE 15 & 16 as an example. 2. Remember to place the larger no of the two on top of your mind 3. Then imagine to cover 16 & 5 from a paper mentally. These are the no.s now needed for the whole operation. 4. Add 16+5=21 5. Place a zero(0) after the last digit to get 210. 6. Multiply the lower covered no. into the single upon it one.(6*5=30) 7. Add 210+30=240