Chemistry

=**Polyatomic Ions**=


 * +1 CHARGE |||| -1 CHARGE |||| -2 CHARGE |||| -3 CHARGE |||| -4 CHARGE ||
 * ~ ion ||~ name ||~ ion ||~ name ||~ ion ||~ name ||~ ion ||~ name ||~ ion ||~ name ||
 * NH4+ || ammonium || H2PO3- || dihydrogen phosphite || HPO32- || hydrogen phosphite || PO33- || phosphite || P2O74- || pyrophosphate ||
 * H3O+ || hydronium || H2PO4- || dihydrogen phosphate || HPO42- || hydrogen phosphate || PO43- || phosphate ||  ||   ||
 * Hg22+ || mercury(I) || HCO3- || hydrogen carbonate || <span style="color: rgb(139, 0, 0);">CO32- || <span style="color: rgb(139, 0, 0);">carbonate || <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 139);">PO23- || <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 139);">hypophosphite ||  ||   ||
 * ||  || <span style="color: rgb(148, 0, 211);">HSO3- || <span style="color: rgb(148, 0, 211);">hydrogen sulfite || <span style="color: rgb(148, 0, 211);">SO32- || <span style="color: rgb(148, 0, 211);">sulfite || AsO33- || arsenite ||   ||   ||
 * ||  || <span style="color: rgb(148, 0, 211);">HSO4- || <span style="color: rgb(148, 0, 211);">hydrogen sulfate || <span style="color: rgb(148, 0, 211);">SO42- || <span style="color: rgb(148, 0, 211);">sulfate || AsO43- || arsenate ||   ||   ||
 * ||  || <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 139);">NO2- || <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 139);">nitrite || <span style="color: rgb(148, 0, 211);">S2O32- || <span style="color: rgb(148, 0, 211);">thiosulfate ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ||  || <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 139);">NO3- || <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 139);">nitrate || SiO32- || silicate ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ||  || OH- || hydroxide || C22- || carbide ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ||  || CH3COO- || acetate || C2O42- || oxalate ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ||  || <span style="color: rgb(139, 0, 0);">CrO2- || <span style="color: rgb(139, 0, 0);">chromite || <span style="color: rgb(139, 0, 0);">CrO42- || <span style="color: rgb(139, 0, 0);">chromate ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ||  || <span style="color: rgb(148, 0, 211);">CN- || <span style="color: rgb(148, 0, 211);">cyanide || <span style="color: rgb(139, 0, 0);">Cr2O72- || <span style="color: rgb(139, 0, 0);">dichromate ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ||  || <span style="color: rgb(148, 0, 211);">CNO- || <span style="color: rgb(148, 0, 211);">cyanate || C4H4O62- || tartrate ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ||  || <span style="color: rgb(148, 0, 211);">CNS- || <span style="color: rgb(148, 0, 211);">thiocyanate || MoO42- || molybdate ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ||  || <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 139);">O2- || <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 139);">superoxide || <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 139);">O22- || <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 139);">peroxide ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ||  || MnO4- || permanganate || S22- || disulfide ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ||  || <span style="color: rgb(139, 0, 0);">ClO- || <span style="color: rgb(139, 0, 0);">hypochlorite ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ||  || <span style="color: rgb(139, 0, 0);">ClO2- || <span style="color: rgb(139, 0, 0);">chlorite ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ||  || <span style="color: rgb(139, 0, 0);">ClO3- || <span style="color: rgb(139, 0, 0);">chlorate ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ||  || <span style="color: rgb(139, 0, 0);">ClO4- || <span style="color: rgb(139, 0, 0);">perchlorate ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ||  || <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 139);">BrO- || <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 139);">hypobromite ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ||  || <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 139);">BrO2- || <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 139);">bromite ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ||  || <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 139);">BrO3- || <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 139);">bromate ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ||  || <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 139);">BrO4- || <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 139);">perbromate ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ||  || <span style="color: rgb(148, 0, 211);">IO- || <span style="color: rgb(148, 0, 211);">hypoiodite ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ||  || <span style="color: rgb(148, 0, 211);">IO2- || <span style="color: rgb(148, 0, 211);">iodite ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ||  || <span style="color: rgb(148, 0, 211);">IO3- || <span style="color: rgb(148, 0, 211);">iodate ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ||  || <span style="color: rgb(148, 0, 211);">IO4- || <span style="color: rgb(148, 0, 211);">periodate ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ||  || AlO2- || aluminate ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ||  || N3- || azide ||   ||

=**Organic Nomenclature**=

Alkanes
Formula ||~ Structural Formula ||~ Isomers ||~  ||~ Name ||~ Molecular Formula ||~ Structural Formula ||~ Isomers ||
 * ~ Name ||~ Molecular
 * meth**ane** || CH4 || CH4 || 1 ||  || hex**ane** || C6H14 || CH3(CH2)4CH3 || 5 ||
 * eth**ane** || C2H6 || CH3CH3 || 1 ||  || hept**ane** || C7H16 || CH3(CH2)5CH3 || 9 ||
 * prop**ane** || C3H8 || CH3CH2CH3 || 1 ||  || oct**ane** || C8H18 || CH3(CH2)6CH3 || 18 ||
 * but**ane** || C4H10 || CH3CH2CH2CH3 || 2 ||  || non**ane** || C9H20 || CH3(CH2)7CH3 || 35 ||
 * pent**ane** || C5H12 || CH3(CH2)3CH3 || 3 ||  || dec**ane** || C10H22 || CH3(CH2)8CH3 || 75 ||

Alkenes and Alkynes
Alkenes and alkynes are hydrocarbons which respectively have **carbon-carbon double bond** and **carbon-carbon triple bond** functional groups. The molecular formulas of these **unsaturated** hydrocarbons reflect the multiple bonding of the functional groups:
 * ~ Alkane || R–CH2–CH2–R || CnH2n+2 || This is the maximum H/C ratio for a given number of carbon atoms. ||
 * ~ Alkene || R–CH=CH–R || CnH2n || Each double bond reduces the number of hydrogen atoms by 2. ||
 * ~ Alkyne || R–C≡C–R || CnH2n-2 || Each triple bond reduces the number of hydrogen atoms by 4. ||